Remember to use Semantic Versions

One minor difference to keep in mind is Lucee server and Adobe ColdFusion use a typical versioning scheme for java projects which looks like this:

<major>.<minor>.<patch>.<build>[-<preReleaseID>]

# Ex of an unstable build
5.3.4.84-SNAPSHOT

# Or a stable build
5.3.4.80

However, CommandBox and ForgeBox use the npm-flavored semantic versioning (semver) which is slightly different. Basically the build ID is moved to the end after a plus (+) sign.

<major>.<minor>.<patch>[-<preReleaseID>]+<build>

# Ex of an unstable build
5.3.4-SNAPSHOT+84

# Or a stable build
5.3.4+80

The important thing to remember is, when starting a server via CommandBox always use the second format shown above since that is how ForgeBox recognizes each release.

What versions exist?

Questions about what versions are available? No problem! Here are some ways you can find out:

• Visit the ForgeBox listing for the Lucee package and view all the versions in the versions tab https://www.forgebox.io/view/lucee#versions https://www.forgebox.io/view/adobe#versions

• View the last few versions via the CLI with the command forgebox show lucee

• Start typing your cfengine and hit the <tab> key to invoke the tab-completion feature. This actually phones out to ForgeBox as you hit tab to get the current valid list of versions that match what you've typed so far

You can also follow the Lucee bleeding edge, which means every time you start your CommandBox server you'll get the very latest Lucee snapshot release. Please only use this for local development and not production!

server start cfengine=lucee@be

Pinning Exact Version

It is a nice feature of CommandBox to have it automatically grab the latest version of your favorite CF engine every time it starts.

# Latest Lucee 5.3.7 build
server start cfengine=lucee@5.3.7

# Latest Adobe 2018 update
server start cfengine=adobe@2018

# Lucee bleeding edge-- latest snapshot
server start cfengine=lucee@be

However, you may have good reason to NEVER want a new version automatically installed. In order to do this, you must specify a COMPLETE version number, including the build number, making sure to use the proper version format. This means you need a major, minor, patch, and build number.

# Pinned exact Adobe version
server start cfengine=adobe@2018.0.10+320417

# Pinned exact Lucee version
server start cfengine=lucee@5.3.7+48

Lucee Light builds on ForgeBox

Lucee has a modular core and comes bundled with a bunch of extensions that approximate the functionality that comes bundled with Adobe ColdFusion. But that means you are loading the Hibernate libraries, PDF libraries or JDBC drivers even if you don't need them. There is a second type of Lucee server called "Lucee Light" which contains all the core engine, but with zero extensions. People creating custom docker builds for example will start with Lucee Light and then add back only the extensions their app needs. To get a feel for all the Lucee extensions available, see this page that lists all official extensions.

We're now publishing CF Engines to ForgeBox based on the Lucee Light builds which allows you to start up a Lucee Light server. These are under a ForgeBox package named lucee-light and we've also backfilled all the same versions that exist for the normal lucee engine. Note, the three bullets points above apply to Lucee Light as well, Just replace lucee with lucee-light and you're good to go.

# Latest stable
server start cfengine=lucee-light

# Specific version
server start cfengine=lucee-light@5.3.4.77

# Bleeding edge
server start cfengine=lucee-light@be

If you have questions about how to install extensions into a Lucee light server, please hit us up on Slack and we can show you several ways to manage that.

It's important to note that each server you start opens a new Java process on your host operating system. This allows each server to have it's own settings and configuration independent of any other server. Start as many as you need and simply stop them when you're done. Just keep in mind each server gets its own heap space so keep an eye on your available RAM.

Server Runs Independant of CLI

The embedded server instances are also a separate process from the actual CommandBox CLI process, which also runs on Java. This means you can open the interactive shell, start a few servers, then quit the shell, yet the servers will still continue to run. You can use the CLI to issue a stop command in the servers web root, or just right click on the tray icon.

There is currently no way to have servers start automatically when your computer boots, though there's nothing preventing you from setting up a local script to run the start commands for you.

WEB-INF

You may be used to having your server's WEB-INF folder living in your web root. The CommandBox embedded server still has a dedicated WEB-INF folder for each server you start, but it lives under the main CommandBox installation directory in your user folder. Changes you make to the WEB-INF such as adding jars or new tas will be persisted until you issue a server forget command.

You may want to start up a local server that does not have a CF Engine such as Lucee or Adobe ColdFusion installed. You can do this as of CommandBox 5.1.0 by setting the cfengine parameter to none like so:

server start cfengine=none

Or in your server.json like this

server set app.cfengine=none
server start

This server will support everything that you are used to including the server.json file, heap settings, ports, and virtual directories. The only difference is it will server everything as static files. (.cfm or .cfc files will not be processed)

CommandBox stores information about each of the servers you've ever started inside ~/.CommandBox/servers.json so it can remember settings from one run to the next.

List your server

You can see an overview of your servers and what state they're in with the server list command.

server list

site1 (starting)
  https://127.0.0.1:8081
  C:\site1

site1 (running)
  https://127.0.0.1:8082
  C:\site2

site3 (stopped)
  https://127.0.0.1:8083
  C:\site3

If you have many servers, you can provide parameters to help filter the results from server list

# All servers containing the word "foo"
server list foo

# Running servers
server list --running

To list only the servers that have been started in a given directory, use the --local flag.

server list --local

You can take a quick look at the what's been happening with the server log command or use the server status command to see more detailed information including the arguments used previously to start/stop the server.

Multiple Servers

Servers are uniquely identified by their full path, but they also have a short name which defaults to the immediate folder containing their web root. The stop, start, etc commands can be run in the web root for a server, or in any working directory as long as you reference the server's short name.

start site1
start site2
restart site3
stop site2
stop --all

Another handy shortcut is the server cd command that will change the current working directory of the interactive shell to the web root of a named server.

server cd site1
start
server cd site2
install myPackage
restart

Info Server name is the first parameter to all server commands and tab completion works too, making it as easy as possible for you.

Get Server Information

You can get information about a server using the server info command. Add the --JSON flag to get the data back in a JSON format. The property parameter will allow you to retrieve a single value for scripting mashups.

server info
server info --JSON
server info property=serverHomeDirectory
server info property=consoleLogPath

Forgetting Servers

If you want to wipe all configuration, logs, and WEB-INF files for a server, use the server forget command. This will also remove any administrator settings you may have saved including data sources, mail servers, and server mappings.

server forget

You can forget all your servers at once too if you want to start with a clean slate. This command will stop and forget all servers.

server stop --all --forget

Prune Old Servers

You can easily forget all servers which have not been started for a certain period of time with the server prune command. It accepts the number of days that need to have passed since a server was last started in order to prune it.

server prune days=30

# Skip the confirmation check
server prune --force

You can also get back just a JSON representation of servers matching the filter with the --json flag. The JSON will be in the same format as the server list --json command.

server prune 100 --json

Traditional CommandBox servers have only a single web root and if you want to start up two separate sites, then you start two CommandBox servers which creates two separate Java processes. This may be cumbersome or even untenable if you have hundreds site separate sites you want to run as the overhead of the JVMs would require too much memory.

CommandBox can also use a popular standard called ModCFML which allows it to behave like an Adobe ColdFusion Tomcat-based installation, which you can set behind a web server and CF will pull the webroots dynamically from the web server, allowing any number of separate sites to all be run on a single JVM instance.

What is ModCFML?

ModCFML takes it's name from the convention of Apache modules, which are named mod_xyz and is really more of a standard implemented by several different libraries. The way ModCFML works, is the front-end web server (IIS, Apache, Nginx, etc) passes a few custom HTTP headers to the back end CF server on each request that tells the CF server where the web root lives for that site. Here's an overview of the related libraries:

• BonCode - Boncode is an AJP proxy for IIS which can be configured globally or on a per-site basis to proxy requests to a back-end CF server. Boncode automatically sends the ModCFML HTTP headers. Docs here.

• Apache mod_cfml module - This module can be installed into Apache HTTPd server to create an AJP reverse proxy. Docs here.

• Tomcat ModCFML Valve - This Tomcat valve creates contexts in Tomcat for the incoming ModCFML Headers. Since you're using CommandBox, you don't need this since CommandBox has support for the equivalent behavior built in!

• CommandBox - CommandBox will obey the standard ModCFML HTTP headers so long as ModCFML.enable is set to true for the server.

• Nginx or other web servers - Even though there is no native ModCFML module for Nginx, you can still use it by just setting the necessary HTTP headers manually! More on this below.

Set Up

This is the minimum needed to configure ModCFML for any front-end web server in CommandBox:

server set ModCFML.enable=true
server set ModCFML.sharedKey=my-secret
server set web.ajp.enable=true web.ajp.port=8009

That's it! The default web root for the server will be whatever folder you start the CommandBox sever in, but that default web root will only be used if a requests reaches CommandBox which doesn't contain the special ModCFML HTTP headers.

Next you'll need to install BonCode (if using IIS) or mod_cfml (if using Apache) and configure it with the same shared key for security. The web server doesn't need to be on the same server as CommandBox, but CommandBox's AJP port does need to be accessible to the web server and the port numbers need to match. 8009 is the default AJP port, but it's not a requirement.

Configuration

Here are some additional ModCFML settings you may want to tweak:

maxContexts

This limits the number of contexts which can be created to prevent a malicious client from causing a DOS from a huge number of contexts, which would eventually begin consuming memory. Default is 200.

requireSharedKey

Set this to false FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES ONLY to not require the shared key header to be present. This may simplify your local setup, but do NOT enable this on any externally-accessible web server as a malicious client could send their own HTTP headers and serve content from anywhere on your server's hard drive! Default is true.

Unsupported Configuration

Here are some settings you may be familiar with in the Tomcat valve, that CommandBox does NOT use.

timeBetweenContexts

CommandBox does NOT have a corresponding setting for timeBetweenContexts **** since Undertow is VERY fast to add new contexts.

scanClassPaths

CommandBox does NOT have a corresponding setting for scanClassPaths **** because it re-uses the existing class loader and cloned Undertow deployment from the default context so no jars at all need to be scanned.

loggingEnabled

CommandBox does NOT have a corresponding setting for loggingEnabled. There is already logging as part of Runwar and the --debug flag when you start your server will automatically log additional bits.

responseCode

CommandBox does NOT have a corresponding setting for responseCode **** because it is capable of adding the new context entirely on the fly and using it immediately without needing to re-send the request.

What about Nginx, etc?

You can use any front end web server you like so long as you manually set the HTTP headers that ModCFML requires. Here they are:

• X-ModCFML-SharedKey - Needs to match the ModCFML.sharedKey in your server.json

• X-Tomcat-DocRoot - Needs to contain the absolute path to the web root for the current virtual host

• X-Webserver-Context - Optional. Will be used instead of hostname to group multiple hostnames into a single context

• X-VDirs - A string representing the aliases (virtual directories) of the web server for CommandBox to auto-create in the servlet in the format: /foo,C:\path\to\foo;/bar,C:\path\to\bar

• X-VDirs-SharedKey - Must also contain the same value as X-ModCFML-SharedKey or X-VDirs will be ignored. This is for security since the older mod_cfml Apache proxies don't override a missing X-VDir header, allowing malicious client to pass one. Only pass the X-VDirs-SharedKey header if your proxy is explicitly controlling the contents of the X-VDirs header.

For NGinx, setting the headers would look like this and would need configured for each site.

proxy_set_header X-Tomcat-DocRoot /path/to/site/www;
proxy_set_header X-ModCFML-SharedKey SHARED-KEY-HERE;

It is not required to use an AJP proxy. CommandBox's ModCFML support will process the incoming HTTP headers regardless of what protocol was used to proxy the requests to it.

Debugging

How do you confirm ModCFML is working or debug when it doesn't go right? CommandBox has automatic debug and trace level messages that will appear in the console when you start your server with the --debug or --trace flag that will tell you when a new context is deployed and what the web root is.

[WARN ] Runwar: X-Tomcat-DocRoot is null or empty.  Using default context for deploymentKey [127.0.0.1].
[INFO ] Runwar: Creating deployment [site1.com] in C:\www\site1
[DEBUG] Runwar: New servlet context created for [site1.com]
[INFO ] Runwar: Creating deployment [site2.com] in C:\www\site2
[DEBUG] Runwar: New servlet context created for [site2.com]
[INFO ] Runwar: Creating deployment [site3.com] in C:\www\site3
[DEBUG] Runwar: New servlet context created for [site3.com]

Adobe vs Lucee

CommandBox's ModCFML support will work for both Adobe and Lucee servers! Keep in mind however, that Lucee and Adobe work differently under the covers, even though it looks the same from the outside. When the server is Lucee, CommandBox's ModCFML support will create a new servlet context deployment for each web context. Each servlet context will have a context root of / and will share the same class loader as the default instance, so they will also share the same server context. Adobe only uses the default servlet context, but swaps out the resource manager per-request, just like Adobe's Tomcat-based installations work. If you don't know what all that means, don't worry.

Naked ModCFML

You maybe wondering if it's possible to make use of multiple web roots in CommandBox without having any web server at all. Well, we weren't going to let you in on this, but actually YES it is possible! All you need to do is configure some Server Rules to detect the host name and set the HTTP headers and CommandBox's ModCFML will be none the wiser. You can turn off the requirement of a shared key, but make sure you have a catch-all rule that rejects requests from unknown host names.

Here is the server.json for a simple setup. Note, we're using the commandbox-hostupdater module here to auto-create hosts file mappings for our domains. We're also pointing the webroots to site1.com, site2.com, and site3.com folders inside of the default web root, but these could really point anywhere you like.

{
    "ModCFML":{
        "enable":"true",
        "requireSharedKey":"false"
    },
    "web":{
        "hostAlias":[
            "site1.com",
            "site2.com",
            "site3.com",
            "fakedomain.com"
        ],
        "rules":[
            "equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site1.com' ) -> set(attribute=%{i,X-Tomcat-DocRoot},value='${serverinfo.webroot}site1.com')",
            "equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site2.com' ) -> set(attribute=%{i,X-Tomcat-DocRoot},value='${serverinfo.webroot}site2.com')",
            "equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site3.com' ) -> set(attribute=%{i,X-Tomcat-DocRoot},value='${serverinfo.webroot}site3.com')",
            "not regex( value=%{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, pattern='^site[123]\\.com$', case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error(401)"
        ]
    }
}

If you want something SUPER quick and dirty for local development and you TRUST the people accessing the site, you could get really clever and just have a simple convention where the host name matches a a folder inside of your default web root. Any hostnames that didn't match a real folder would just use the default web root.

{
    "ModCFML":{
        "enable":"true",
        "requireSharedKey":"false"
    },
    "web":{
        "rules":[
            "set(attribute=%{i,X-Tomcat-DocRoot},value='${serverinfo.webroot}%{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}')"
        ]
    }
}

CommandBox allows you full control over the servers you start. This includes the port and host, custom JVM args, URL rewriting, web aliases, custom error pages, and custom welcome files.

Ways to provide configuration

Configuration can be set at several different levels:

1. Passed as parameters to the server start command

2. Stored in a server.json file for that server

3. Global defaults in the server.defaults config setting

4. Internal defaults from the ServerService

Settings will be used in that order. Also, any parameters passed to the start command will automatically be saved to your server.json file unless you pass the --noSaveSettings flag.

File path handling

A lot of settings used to start a server involve file paths. Paths starting with a drive letter like C:/, a UNC network path like \\, or a leading slash like / are considered absolute paths and will not be expanded. Try to avoid absolute paths if you want to make your server config portable.

Paths that start with a file/folder name like foo/bar.jar or ../../lib/my.jar are relative and the root folder that they are relative to depends on where there are specified.

• If the path is passed as a parameter to the start command, the path is relative to the current working directory

• If the path is in the server.json file, it is relative to the folder containing the JSON file. (Remember the server.json doesn't have to be in the web root!)

• If the path is in a global server.defaults config setting, it is relative to the web root of the server.

It is common to protect pages on your site through your CF code that runs on every request. This does not protect static files like images, plus it can still expose extra surface area of your site for attack. CommandBox has a security system to block certain paths on your site at the web server level, so these requests never reach CF.

Authentication Mechanisms

There are currently two authentication mechanisms you can enable in CommandBox. Any combination of them can be used to secure the protected portions of your site. When CommandBox determines that the current page requires authentication, it will check each enabled auth mechanism until it finds one that can validate the user.

Basic Authentication

Basic Authentication is built on a simple username/password list and challenges the user to provide credentials in their browser. Read more here

Client Cert Authentication

Client Cert auth is common for internal government sites and involves the user installing a private certificate on their PC which the server asks the browser to send while negotiation the SSL connection. Client certs are a PKI cert, and often times are stored on a CAC which is a physical card issued to the user. Read more here

More to Come

There are more auth mechanisms we will add in the future including Digest Auth, Header Auth, and SSO. Contact us if you're wanting to sponsor any of these.

Auth Predicate

If you do not provide an auth predicate but you enable at least one auth mechanism, ALL PAGES on the entire site will be secured. This is quite secure, but often times you only want to protect a subfolder such as /CFIDE/administrator or /lucee/admin.

To limit the scope of what pages required authentication, you can specify an auth predicate, which follows the same syntax as Server Rules.

server set web.security.authPredicate="regex( pattern='^/lucee/admin/.*', case-sensitive=false )"

We don't recommend using path() or path-prefix() as they are not case sensitive, which can lead to them being easily worked around if you are on Windows. Even regex() is case-sensitive by default. Only use a case sensitive predicate matcher if your file system and web server are set to be case sensitive! If your server is case sensitive, then the example above can be simplified to this:

server set web.security.authPredicate="path-prefix(/lucee/admin/)"

The most common auth predicates match a subfolder, but you are not limited to this. Anything valid in a server rule predicate can be used here, including HTTP method, headers, remote IP, etc.

One of the most useful features of CommandBox is the ability to start an ad-hoc server quickly and easily. Any folder on your hard drive can become the web root of a server. To start up the server, cd into a directory containing some CFML code, and run the start command. An available port will be chosen by default and in a few seconds, a browser window will open showing the default document (index.cfm).

CommandBox> cd C:\sites\test
CommandBox> start

To stop the embedded server, run the stop command from the same directory.

CommandBox> stop

OS Integration

You can start as many embedded server instances as you want. Each running server will add an icon in your system tray with the logo of your currently running engine. Click on it for options:

• Stop Server

• Open Browser

• Open Admin

• Open File System

Disable the tray icon

If you don't want the tray integration, then you can turn it off in your server.json with this setting.

server set trayEnable=false

Or turn it off at a global level in your config settings.

config set server.defaults.trayEnable=false

Full Control

CommandBox's embedded server does not require any prior installations of any CFML engine to work. It does not use Apache, IIS, or Nginx. A very lightweight Java web server called Undertow is used and a context is programmatically deployed via a WAR file.

You should still have all the options you need to set up most local development servers quickly. The web-based administrator is available to you where you can edit any setting, add data sources, CF mappings, and mail servers. To see a list of all the parameters you can pass to the server start command, refer to the CommandBox API Docs or run server start help command directly from the CLI.

Environment Variables

Any ComandBox environment variables present in the shell will automatically be passed to the environment of the server process. This means, given an example like this:

set foo=bar
server start

The CFML code running that server process will be able to "see" the foo environment variable.

Server scripts work just like , but they only apply to server-related interceptor points, and they go in your server.json. If you have several servers in a folder with their own server-name.json files, the server scripts can be different per server.

The interception points which will fire a server script are:

• preServerStart

• onServerStart

• onServerInstall

• onServerStop

• preServerForget

• postServerForget

Read more about when these interception points fire .

Configure server scripts like so in your server.json:

Ad-hoc server scripts

Just like package scripts, you can also create ad-hoc scripts for a given server. They are executed with the server run-script command. Define them as additional keys in the scripts block.

And run them like so:

Sometimes you may wish to start a server on a computer that doesn't have access to the Internet. However, you may notice that running a command such as the following will throw an error trying to connect to ForgeBox:

That is because 5.x is a semver range and not a specific version. CommandBox must connect to ForgeBox to see what versions of the CF engine lucee can be found to use the latest one.

Be More Specific

If you know that a CF engine is already downloaded in your server's artifacts directory, start your server with a specific major, minor, patch, and build version to skip the ForgeBox check.

NOTE: If this fails, check the location of the folder structure below the artifacts folder for it's exact path. e.g. /artifacts/lucee/5.0.0+252/lucee.zip - The box command for this would be: start cfengine=lucee@5.0.0+252 This follows the pattern: /artifacts/[server-type]/[server-version]/[server-type].zip Useful if you've manually downloaded the file from forgebox and need to rename it.

Fail Safe

If CommandBox needs to connect to ForgeBox to resolve a version number and ForgeBox is unavailable, it will look in your local artifacts cache to try and find a cached version of that CF engine that satisfies your semver range. This means you may not get the latest version of that CF Engine, but at least your server will start up.

CommandBox servers have a method of locking down secure URLs and or implementing any of the Undertow predicate and handlers via a nice text based language. Undertow supports a “predicate language” that allows a string to be parsed into a graph of predicates (conditions) and handlers (actions to take). Ex:

These rules can be used for any of the following:

• Security - Block paths, IPs, or users

• URL rewrites - Rewrite incoming URLs to something different

• Modifying HTTP requests on the fly - Set headers, cookies, or response codes

Much of this functionality overlaps with the existing Tuckey-based rewrites in CommandBox, but this functionality is built directly into Undertow, has a more streamlined syntax, and allows for easier ad-hoc rules to be layered into a server that allows for you to have custom rules layered on top of built in rules. It can be used to replace what Tuckey does, or added on top.

Create your Rules

Unlike custom Tuckey-based rewrites that must be placed in a single XML file, server rules can be provided ad-hoc in a variety of locations. They are combined and passed to the server in the order defined. This allows you to easily "layer" custom rules along with out-of-the-box lockdown profiles.

For maximum configuration options, the following mechanisms are supported for specifying the rules for a given server. Rules are processed in the order listed. i.e., a rule defined in your server.json is processed prior to a rule in your server.default config setting.

1. Ad-hoc rule array in server.json

2. External rules files in server.json in the order defined

3. Ad-hoc rule array in config setting server.defaults

4. External rules files in config setting server.defaults in the order defined

5. CommandBox built-in rules (web.blockCFAdmin, web.blockConfigPaths)

6. Any module listening to server interceptions can inject their rules wherever they please in the array.

server.json Rules

You can specify ad-hoc rules in the web.rules property as an array of strings in your server.json as well as specify one or more external rule files in the web.rulesFile property as an array or list of file glob patterns.

External rule files with a .json suffix will be expected to be a valid JSON file containing an array of strings. Ex:

External rule files with any extension OTHER than .json will be expected to be a raw text file with one rule per line. Emtpy lines are ignored and the rules are processed in the order defined.

Rules specified directly in the server.json or in an external JSON file must be escaped for the JSON they are a part of. Using a plain text external file can help readability since no additional escaping is required for the rules.

config setting server.defaults Rules

Like all other config server defaults, they follow the same pattern as the server.json file.

Commenting Out Rules

You can comment out any rule (whether it's in JSON or a text file) by proceeding it with a pound sign (#).

CommandBox's web server supports enabling Basic Auth on your sites.

That will create the following data in your server.json, which will be picked up the next time you start your server.

If there is no authPredicate set, basic auth with secure ALL PAGES on the site. Once you set an authPredicate, only the pages matching the predicate will require authentication.

The old setting location for Basic Auth (web.basicAuth) will STILL WORK until the next major version of CommandBox, but should be considered deprecated. If both the settings exist (Ex: web.basicAuth.enable and web.security.basicAuth.enable), the new location will be given precedence.

Your CF engine (Lucee, Adobe, etc) or Java app may have application logs of its own and their locations will vary based on what you have running. In any case, they will most likely be located under the server home directory.

CF App server logs

You can find out where your server home is by running:

You can also get the full path to your servlet's "out" log with this command:

This log file is the equivalent of your catalina.out file on a typical Lucee/Tomcat install or the equivalent of your coldfusion-out.log file on a typical ColdFusion install.

The Servlet's "out" log can be tailed with this command:

Your console "out" log will auto-rotate every 10MB to keep it from getting too big. Don't use the --debug or --trace flag on a production server or you'll get a lot of logging information! Without those flags, the "out" log doesn't log anything for each request. With debug enabled, you'll get basic information for each request that comes in as well as whether a rewrite rule fired, and with trace, you'll get a ton of information about every request as well as every local path resolution by the path resource manager.

Lucee Server's Log Files

There are many log files for Lucee. For the guide below, I'm assuming you haven't set a custom serverConfigDir or webConfigDir for your servers. If you have, adjust the paths for the server and web context to be whatever it is you've configured. Here are the three locations you'll find log file and is pretty much the same for Lucee 4 and Lucee 5.

1. Lucee's server context log files - The server context is located under the server home which you can find with the command server info property=serverHomeDirectory. Open that directory and then navigate to WEB-INF/lucee-server/context/logs/.

2. Lucee's web context log files - The web context is also located under the server home. Open that directory and then navigate to WEB-INF/lucee-web/logs/.

So, to give real examples-- a Lucee server I just looked at on my machine has the three folders of log files I just covered above in these locations:

Adobe ColdFusion's Log Files

Since Adobe doesn't have the separation of server and web contexts, it only has two log locations which are as follows on all versions.

1. ColdFusion server log files - The remaining log files are located under the server home which you can find with the command server info property=serverHomeDirectory. Open that directory and then navigate to WEB-INF\cfusion\logs/.

So, to give real examples-- a ColdFusion server I just looked at on my machine has the two folders of log files I just covered above in these locations:

Access Log

CommandBox servers use a powerful Java-based web server which we've tested to have throughput just as good as Apache or IIS. You can enable "access" logs which output one line for each HTTP request (even for static assets like JS or image files) in the same "common" format that Apache web server uses.

View the location of this log or tail the log contents like so:

Your access log will be auto-rotated every day.

Rewrite Log

CommandBox servers use the java-based Tuckey rewrite engine for easy URL rewriting. There's a lot of good debugging information available to help figure out why your rewrites aren't working. You can enable a separate rewrite log to view this information. Keep in mind this can generate a lot of logging output.

View the location of this log or tail the log contents like so:

Your rewrites log will be auto-rotated every 10MB. The amount of information that appears in the rewrites log will be affected by the --debug and --trace flags when you start the server.

Request Dumping

There is a feature you can use to dump all the header details for an HTTP request and response in the form of an Undertow handler called dump-request(). Just include the following server rule in your server.json

To fire only for certain requests, you can pair the handler with any predicate you wish:

Then start your server with the --console flag or tail the console with server log --follow and you'll see info like this for each request:

FusionReactor is a popular tool for monitoring performance and gathering metrics for ColdFusion and Java J2EE applications. You may wish to use FusionReactor with the servers you start up via CommandBox. We've created a CommandBox module that will add FusionReactor support to your CommandBox servers which you can view here on ForgeBox.

Installation

The CommandBox FusionReactor module is a separate project that you can optionally install by typing this:

That's it-- now every server you start with the start command will automatically have the JVM args added to it to load up FusionReactor.

Usage

There's nothing special you have to do in order for FusionReactor to load. A random port will be chosen for FusionReactor to use so you can have more than one server running at a time and each of them will have their own FusionReactor instance running. When you start a server, you should see some output similar to this:

To open FusionReactor in your browser, you can run the following command:

If you right click on the tray icon for this server, you'll see there is a new menu item at the bottom called Open Fusion Reactor that will do the same thing.

Licensing

FusionReactor is a commercial product and requires a license to use. If your company has a license for you to use on your PC, then you can register your CommandBox FusionReactor license with this command:

Hide License Key

By default, the license key will always be displayed on the home page after login. You can turn off the display of the key on a per-server basis or at a global level for all servers.

Custom Port

Custom Host

By default, the module will bind FR's port to the same host as your CommandBox web server. You can ask FR to bind to a separate host/IP on a per server basis, or a global basis.

Disable the module

You may want to turn the FusionReactor functionality on or off based on your testing or for specific sites. There is now an enable flag for just that. It can be set per server and for all servers as well.

Per-server License Key

You can set a license key per server if you wish like so:

Managing Versions

The module is regularly updated to use the latest version of FusionReactor. Note however that your license key may not be for the latest FR version. When the internal default version of FR is updated for a major release, the version of the actual FR module will also have a "major" version increment. This is so you can always run upgrade --system and you won't have to worry about suddenly getting a major FR upgrade one day that doesn't work with your license key.

If you want to upgrade your CommandBox FusionReactor module to a new major release, just re-run the installation command.

Custom Version of FusionReactor

If you have an older FR license you want to use, you can specify the version of FR you'd like like so:

The installID setting can be any valid CommandBox endpoint installation ID, which means you can point to a custom HTTP URL, or ForgeBox slug, etc.

Debugger Libs

As of version 4.0 of this module, the debugger libs will be added automatically for you based on your OS. To disable the debugger libs use the following setting:

Provide External reactor.conf File

There are a handful of JVM args we can use to set things like license key or password, but there are many many settings inside of FusionReactor that have no corresponding method to externalize them. These are stored in a file called conf/reactor.conf inside of the FusionReactor home directory. If you want to script out settings such as

• E-mail servers

• Notification settings

• Profiler settings

• Request history settings

Then you can make a copy of a reactor.conf file that contains the settings you want the point this module at the file to be copied over when starting the server so FR will pick it up and use it. Just need in mind that this setting will override any manual setting changes you make in the FR web admin every time you start the server.

Start up a test server with the FR module installed

Navigate to the FR admin, login, and set your desired settings

Copy the populated reactor.conf file somewhere for later use

Point your server.json to the new file. Remember, non-absolute paths are relative to the directory the server.json lives in.

Now, a fresh new server will have these settings.

Note: the reactor.conf file may contain passwords or other sensitive information. It is in a java properties file format, so feel free to edit it and remove items you don't want. Also, take care when committing it to a source repo or making it web accessible so you don't reveal information. There is currently no support for environment variable expansions in this file, but perhaps we'll add it if it's useful.

Additional JVM args

Here's the module setting, followed by the JVM arg it creates. Remember, you can use environment variables in your server.json to control these dynamically on a per-server basis!

• fusionreactor.password - fradminpassword

• fusionreactor.cloudGroup - fr.cloud.group

• fusionreactor.requestObfuscateParameters - fr.request.obfuscate.parameters

• fusionreactor.autoApplicationNaming - fr.application.auto_naming

• fusionreactor.defaultApplicationName - fr.application.name

• fusionreactor.EDSEnable - fr.ed.ds.enable (version added: 8.1.0)

• fusionreactor.EDSListen - fr.ed.ds.listen (version added: 8.1.0)

• fusionreactor.EDSPollTimeout - fr.ed.ds.polltimeout (version added: 8.1.0)

• fusionreactor.EDSMaxDataSize - fr.ed.ds.maxdatasize (version added: 8.2.2)

• fusionreactor.EDSTarget - fr.ed.ds.target (version added: 8.1.0)

• fusionreactor.EDSGroups - fr.ed.ds.groups (version added: 8.1.0)

• fusionreactor.ChatEnabled - fr.chat.enabled (version added: 8.7.2)

Deprecated since 8.0.x

• fusionreactor.RESTRegisterURL - frregisterwith

• fusionreactor.RESTShutdownAction - frshutdownaction

• fusionreactor.RESTRegisterHostname - frregisterhostname

• fusionreactor.RESTRegisterGroup - frregistergroup

• fusionreactor.licenseDeactivateOnShutdown - frlicenseservice.deactivateOnShutdown

• fusionreactor.licenseLeaseTimeout - frlicenseservice.leasetime.hint

External Server

By default, FusionReactor is only available on the FR port, and not the HTTP or HTTPS port. If you want to hit FusionReactor's web UI through your main web server on the standard HTTP port, then enable the external server setting. This completely bypasses the custom port and custom host discussed above.

This can provide a convenient method to make FR accessible, but remember to put appropriate lock-down rules on your external web server so FR is not publicly accessible. Also note if you have a web server such as Nginx only proxying traffic to .cfm URLs to CommandBox, you'll need to modify it to also proxy requests to /fusionreactor/ to CommandBox as well or this feature will not work and you'll just get an Nginx/etc 404 instead.

CommandBox bundles some custom predicates and handlers to make your life easier.

The predicate cf-admin() will returns true if the incoming URL is to the Lucee or ColdFusion admin:

The handler block-external() blocks any request not from localhost with a 404 response code. You can pair this with any predicate you choose.

The handler block-cf-admin() blocks any request to the Lucee or ColdFusion admin with a 404 response code.

Build Your Own

You can build your own predicates and handlers by compiling java classes that implement the io.undertow.predicate.PredicateBuilder or io.undertow.server.handlers.builder.HandlerBuilder interfaces. If the proper service metadata is present in your jar's META-INF folder, undertow will automatically find and register your builders via Java's service loader.

This isn't super difficult but involves a few moving parts. If you're interested in writing your own handlers and predicates to use in your server rules, reach out on the mailing list and we'll walk you through it.

You can see the custom handlers and predicates documented above in our Runwar source code here:

Custom handlers:

Custom Predicates:

The start command will scan your system and find a random port that is not currently in use to start the server on. This ensures that multiple embedded servers can run at the same time on the same host without collisions. Ensure any redirects in your applications take the port into account.

Any Port in the Storm

You may want to set a specific port to use-- even port 80 if nothing else is using it. Pass the HTTP port parameter to the start command like so:

It is also possible to save the default port in your server.json. Add a web.http.port property, or issue the following command:

Now every time you start your server, the same port will be used.

If the server won't start or is unreachable, make sure it's port is free with your operating system's netstat command. On Unix-based OS's:

HTTPS

You can start your server to listen for SSL connections too.

Setting SSL Enabled protocols

You can customize what SSL protocols your HTTPS listener will respond to with the following XNIO option. Supply a comma-delimited list of valid protocols.

HTTP/2

HTTP/2 is a newer standard of HTTP supported by all modern browsers. HTTP/2 is enabled by default any time you are using an HTTP/HTTPS listener, however all major browsers will only allow the server to negotiate HTTP/2 over an HTTPS connection. HTTP/2 runs over the same port and only changes the exchange between the server and browser. You can disable HTTP/2 support like so:

If you want to confirm whether your browser is using HTTP/2, you can open your debugging tools and look at the network requests. You may need to add the "protocol" column in the UI. HTTP/2 will usually show up as something like "h2" in the protocol column.

AJP

You can start your server to listen for AJP connections too.

AJP Secret

A Gracious Host

Your application may rely on a specific host name other than the default of 127.0.0.1. You can set the host to anything you like, but you must add a host file entry that resolves your host name to an IP address assigned to your network adapter (usually 127.0.0.1)

If you have multiple IP addresses assigned to your PC, you can bind the server to a specific IP using the host parameter.

A server configuration can only have one host entry. If you require your server to be available on multiple IP addresses of the machine it runs on, you can set the host to 0.0.0.0. This will effectively bind the server to all network interfaces (including local).

Or save in server.json

Most modern browsers allow you to make up any subdomain you want before localhost such as mySite.localhost and will simply resolve them to localhost (127.0.0.1) even without a hosts file entry. CommandBox now supports using these domains and will bind your server's ports to localhost even without using the commandbox-hostupdater module.

Customize URL that opens for server

By default, CommandBox will open your browser with the host and port of the server. You can customize the exact URL that opens. This setting will be appended to the current host and port.

Or you can completely override the URL if your setting starts with http://.

If CommandBox is running a server behind a trusted proxy which is known to set the X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, then you can enable this setting for the remote IP in your CF engine's cgi scope to represent the upstream IP.

This is disabled by default. Otherwise a malicious client could send a fake X-Forwarded-For HTTP header to make it look like their traffic was coming from a trusted IP such as 127.0.0.1 to bypass any IP-based restrictions. Only enable this if you trust the proxy CommandBox is sitting behind. This should never be enabled if CommandBox is directly accessible on the internet.

Enable for all servers like so:

Turning on SSL in your web server will will enable SSL without an approved SSL certificate. If you need an official certificate so you don't have to confirm your SSL connection you can add these entries

Although free certificates are available (e.g LetsEncrypt) this is not very convenient, because these certs are valid only for three months. Automatic renewal it is difficult if your dev site is not accessible from the web. For a few dollars a year (< 10) you can apply for a domain validated certificate from companies like Comodo, RapidSSL, Trustwave, Digicert, Geotrust and others or a reseller for these certs. For a domain validated certificate you need a valid domain which is under your control which means (depending on provider):

• mail is sent to domain owner

• or mail is sent to well-known administrative contact in the domain, e.g. (admin@, postmaster@, etc.)

• or you can publish a DNS TXT record

So, now you have a valid domain, you have to generate a SSL key and a SSL Certificate Signing Request. With the CSR you can apply for the certificate. Generating a key and CSR with openSSL

This will generate output and some questions, and will finally result in a key file named dev_mydomain_com.key and a certificate signing request (csr) named dev_mydomain_com.csr

You have to enter Country Name, State and City. Organization Name is preferably the same as the domain owner. Organizational Unit Name will not be checked, so enter something simple such as ICT Common Name is the host name for your site, such as dev.mydomain.com You can skip Email Address and optional company name. For development you don't need a challenge password, which means your key file is NOT protected. But don't give this key to others or protect it with a challenge password. If you protect your key you have to server set web.SSL.keyPass=MyChallengePassword Now you have a CSR, which you can submit at your SSL provider. They will send you a certificate file (*.csr), and probably one or more intermediate certificates. Create a new my.csr file and copy everything from your certificate file into it, and append the intermediate certificate(s). Now you have a valid my.csr certificate file and a key file. Place both files in a location accessible for your CommandBox and enter the corresponding paths to web.SSL.certFile and web.SSL.keyFile

Baked-in Rules

CommandBox has a few baked in rules that you can apply ad-hoc or as part of a server profile.

• web.blockCFAdmin - Returns 404 error page for any Adobe CF or Lucee Server admin administrator paths

• web.blockSensitivePaths - Returns 404 error page for common config files such as box.json or .env

• web.blockFlashRemoting - Blocks all paths related to Flash and Flex remoting calls

Block CF Admin

This setting has three possible settings:

• true - Block ALL access to ColdFusion and Lucee admins

• false - Do not block anything

• external - Only block access not coming from localhost.

The exact rule activated when you set this property to true is:

block-cf-admin()

The exact rule activated when you set this property to external is:

cf-admin() -> block-external()

Block Sensitive Paths

This setting only allows true/false. This is a bit of a catch-all rule for any sort of paths that a user should never be able to make on production that could reveal information or access secret parts of your CF installation. When set to true, the following rules are activated:

// track and trace verbs can leak data in XSS attacks
disallowed-methods( methods={trace,track} )

// Common config files and sensitive paths that should never be accessed, even on development
regex( pattern='.*/(box.json|server.json|web.config|urlrewrite.xml|package.json|package-lock.json|Gulpfile.js)', case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error(404)

// Any file or folder starting with a period
regex('/\.')-> set-error( 404 )

// Additional serlvlet mappings in Adobe CF's web.xml
path-prefix( { '/JSDebugServlet','/securityanalyzer','/WSRPProducer' } ) -> set-error( 404 )

// java web service (Axis) files
regex( pattern='\.jws$', case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error( 404 )

When the profile is set to production, the following rule is also added which blocks the ColdFusion RDS access from CF Builder and access to TestBox runners:

regex( pattern='.*/(CFIDE/multiservermonitor-access-policy.xml|CFIDE/probe.cfm|CFIDE/main/ide.cfm|tests/runner.cfm|testbox/system/runners/HTMLRunner.cfm)', case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error(404)

If you need to legitimately access any of these paths, you'll need to turn off this setting and custom-add the rules that you want to keep. This setting is a convenience that adds several rules at once.

Block Flash Remoting

This setting only allows true/false. When set to true, the following rules are activated:

// These all map to web.xml servlet mappings for ACF
path-prefix( { '/flex2gateway','/flex-internal','/flashservices/gateway','/cfform-internal','/CFFormGateway' } ) -> set-error( 404 )

// Files used for flash remoting
regex( pattern='\.(mxml|cfswf)$', case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error( 404 )

If you need to legitimately access any of these paths, you'll need to turn off this setting and custom-add the rules that you want to keep. This setting is a convenience that adds several rules at once.

Override just part of a baked-in rule

What if you want to go one step deeper? For instance, the blockSensitivePaths setting blocks a whole bunch of stuff all in one shot. An example might be wanting to open up JUST the RDS IDE integration for your developers, which funnels through the /CFIDE/main/ide.cfm path which you can see is blocked above.

The solution to this is quite simple and is all based on the ORDER in which your rules are processed. Built-in CommandBox rules are the last to process. This means that if you hijack the predicates with a custom rule FIRST, you can override the behavior of the built in rules. So, if we want to allow access to the /CFIDE/main/ide.cfm path, we just need to add a custom rule that matches that path and then aborts the predicate chain so no further rules fire.

server set web.rules="['path(/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm)->done']" --append 

Which gives you the following server.json

{
    "web":{
        "rules":[
            "path(/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm)->done"
        ]
    }
}

The done handler is what bypasses all subsequent rules for the request.

The Undertow-based web server built into CommandBox will only serve up static files if they are in a list of valid extensions. This is to prevent prying eyes from hitting files they shouldn't be able to access on your server.

The current list of valid extensions is:

3gp,3gpp,7z,ai,aif,aiff,asf,asx,atom,au,avi,bin,bmp,btm,cco,crt,css,csv,deb,der,dmg,
doc,docx,eot,eps,flv,font,gif,hqx,htc,htm,html,ico,img,ini,iso,jad,jng,jnlp,jpeg,jpg,
js,json,kar,kml,kmz,m3u8,m4a,m4v,map,mid,midi,mml,mng,mov,mp3,mp4,mpeg,mpeg4,mpg,msi,
msm,msp,ogg,otf,pdb,pdf,pem,pl,pm,png,ppt,pptx,prc,ps,psd,ra,rar,rpm,rss,rtf,run,sea,
shtml,sit,svg,svgz,swf,tar,tcl,tif,tiff,tk,ts,ttf,txt,wav,wbmp,webm,webp,wmf,wml,wmlc,
wmv,woff,woff2,xhtml,xls,xlsx,xml,xpi,xspf,zip,aifc,aac,apk,bak,bk,bz2,cdr,cmx,dat,
dtd,eml,fla,gz,gzip,ipa,ia,indd,hey,lz,maf,markdown,md,mkv,mp1,mp2,mpe,odt,ott,odg,
odf,ots,pps,pot,pmd,pub,raw,sdd,tsv,xcf,yml,yaml 

If you have a common static file you need to serve, you can add your own custom extensions to the list like so:

server set web.allowedExt=jar,exe,dll

When using a CommandBox web server in production, you may wish to force your users to visit your site over HTTPS for security (and for HTTP/2 to work). However, it is desirable to still have your web server listening on HTTP so a user just typing your address in his browser can still connect to HTTP and then redirect.

Automatic HTTPS Redirection

CommandBox can be configured to redirect all HTTP traffic over to HTTPS with the following rule. The redirect will use a 301 status code and will include the URL and query string. The redirect will only fire for GET HTTP requests since redirecting a form POST would lose the form fields (request body).

server set web.SSL.forceSSLRedirect=true

Or in the server.json as:

{
  "web": {
    "ssl" : {
      "enable" : true,
      "port" : 443,
      "forceSSLRedirect" : true
     }
  }
}

If you want to customize how this redirect happens, you can skip this setting and manually add the following Server Rule, which is basically what the setting above does automatically:

not secure() and method(GET) -> redirect('https://%{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URL}%{QUERY_STRING}' )

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

If you want to go one step further, you can add a Strict-Transport-Security header to your site. This instructs the browser to automatically use HTTPS every time the user visits your site again. With an HSTS header, once your browser has cached the fact that you want HTTPS to always be used, even if the user just types your domain and hits enter, the browser will change it over to HTTPS before sending the request. This prevents having an initial HTTP request before the redirect kicks in.

HSTS headers can have a "max age" set, which tells the browser how long to "remember" to use HTTPS. This defaults to 1 year if you do not override the value. The max age is set in second. So 31,536,000 is one year. You can also set whether you want the HSTS header to apply to all sub domains of your site. The default is false for this setting.

Here is how you enable HSTS. Only the first web.SSL.HSTS.enable setting is required. The rest are optional.

server set web.SSL.HSTS.enable=true
server set web.SSL.HSTS.maxAge=31536000
server set web.SSL.HSTS.includeSubDomains=true

Or in the server.json as:

{
  "web": {
    "ssl" : {
      "enable" : true,
      "port" : 443,
      "HSTS" : {
        "enable" : true,
        "maxAge" : 31536000,
        "includeSubDomains" : true
      }
     }
  }
}

The HSTS header is added via a Server Rule. Here is what the rule looks like in case you want to manually add the rule to customize it.

set(attribute='%{o,Strict-Transport-Security}', value='max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains')

And to test/debug your rules, start your server with the trace flag and tail the console output. Every hit in your browser will output several lines of debugging for each rule that is processed.

server start --trace --console 

With the custom rule above, you'd see something like this:

[DEBUG] requested: '/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm'
[TRACE] io.undertow.predicate: Path(s) [/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm] MATCH input [/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm] for HttpServerExchange{ GET /CFIDE/main/ide.cfm}.
[TRACE] io.undertow.predicate: Predicate [path( '/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm' )] resolved to true. Next handler is [done] for HttpServerExchange{ GET /CFIDE/main/ide.cfm}.
[TRACE] io.undertow.predicate: Predicate chain marked done. Next handler is [Runwar PathHandler] for HttpServerExchange{ GET /CFIDE/main/ide.cfm}.
[WARN ] responded: Status Code 200 (/CFIDE/main/ide.cfm)

Accepting a client cert as part of the SSL negotiation is a totally separate idea as using the existence of a client cert to authorize a given request. This is why the settings are in two different place in the server.json. You can have CommandBox ask (or require!) the browser to hand over a client cert, but all that does is set a bunch of CGI variables and servlet request attributes to document what the incoming cert is. The same client cert details can also be passed from an upstream proxy which negotiated the SSL connection and the details can be sent via HTTP headers to CommandBox to use for request authorization. Therefore, CommandBox can enable client certs at the SSL level and NOT enable request authorization, or it can disable its own SSL client cert negotiation but still perform request-level authorization based purely on upstream headers. The two features are not mutually dependent. To read how to have CommandBox automatically protect portions of your site based on a client cert, read here.

Client Cert Negotiation

To enable client certs to be negotiated by CommandBox SSL must be enabled, and then web.ssl.clientCert.mode can be set to one of the following options:

• NOT_REQUESTED - (default) SSL client authentication is not requested. (same as “ignore” in IIS)

• REQUESTED - SSL client authentication is requested but not required. (same as “request” in IIS)

• REQUIRED - SSL client authentication is required. (same as “require” in IIS)

server set web.ssl.clientCert.mode=required

Trust Store

CommandBox will NOT use your OS trust store nor your Java trust store, nor Lucee Server's trust store by default to establish a trust chain for incoming client certs. You must specify the trusted root CA certs that you want trusted. ONLY client certs trusted by one of these CAs will be accepted. Any intermediate certs must also be included. You can specify a comma-delimited list of absolute or relative paths OR an array of strings in the web.ssl.clientCert.CACertFiles setting that point to any number of public keys in a DER format (typically .crt or .cer extension)

server set web.ssl.clientCert.CACertFiles=digitcert.crt,verisign.crt

or

server set web.ssl.clientCert.CACertFiles=["digitcert.crt","verisign.crt"]

If you have a large number of trusted CA’s, you can specify a JKS trust store (same format as Java’s cacerts file) along with the password for the store in the web.ssl.clientCert.CATrustStoreFile and web.ssl.clientCert.CATrustStorePass file. All CAs in that trust store will be used to validate incoming client certs.

server set web.ssl.clientCert.CATrustStoreFile=cacerts
server set web.ssl.clientCert.CATrustStorePass=changeit

server.json Configuration

Here's an example of what your config could look like:

{
  "web" : {
    "ssl" : {
      "enable" : true,
      "clientCert" : {
	"mode" : "Requested",
	"CACertFiles" : "rootCA.cer,anotherRootCA.cer",
	// OR...
	"CACertFiles" : [
    	"rootCA.cer",
          "anotherRootCA.cer"
	],
	"CATrustStoreFile' : "cacerts",
	"CATrustStorePass' : "changeit"
      }
    }
  }
}

If both a trust store AND individual trusted CA's are provided, CommandBox will use all of them.

Accessing the Client Cert

If the user's browser sends a client cert which is trusted by one of your trusted CAs, then the details of the cert will be available for Client Cert Authentication as documented here. There are also a number of CGI and request variables automatically made available to you any time a client cert was presented. These variables will be available on every page, not just the first page where they select their cert.

CGI Scope

When a valid client cert is present, the following CGI variables will be available to your CF code. If client certs are “requested”, these CGI variables will be wiped from any upstream sources so you can always trust them to be set from CommandBox, even if they are empty. There are several duplicate values since we are mimicking IIS, Apache, and Nginx client cert implementations for maximum compatibility.

• CGI.SSL_CLIENT_CERT - PEM-encoded cert (base 64 string)

• CGI.X_ARR_CLIENTCERT - PEM-encoded cert (base 64 string)

• CGI.SSL_CLIENT_S_DN - The Subject distinguished name of the client cert (CN=foo, O=bar, OU=baz)

• CGI.CERT_SUBJECT - The Subject distinguished name of the client cert (CN=foo, O=bar, OU=baz)

• CGI.CERT_KEYSIZE - The key size of the negotiated SSL connection

• CGI.CERT_SERIALNUMBER - The serial number of the cert in the format 91-7e-5f-a5-b2-20-a1-8b-4c-d0-40-3b-1c-a1-a8-58

• CGI.SSL_CLIENT_M_SERIAL - The serial number of the cert in the format 91-7e-5f-a5-b2-20-a1-8b-4c-d0-40-3b-1c-a1-a8-58

• CGI.SSL_CLIENT_I_DN - The Issuer distinguished name of the client cert (CN=foo, O=bar, OU=baz)

• CGI.CERT_ISSUER - The Issuer distinguished name of the client cert (CN=foo, O=bar, OU=baz)

• CGI.SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY - Matches Apache HTTP. Values will be "SUCCESS" or "NONE"

• CGI.SSL_SESSION_ID - Unique ID of the SSL connection

Note, some of these vars may not appear when you cfdump out the CGI scope, but will still be available when you specify cgi.var_name

Due to some differences between Adobe ColdFusion and Lucee Server, the above variables are loaded as HTTP Request Headers in Lucee and Servlet Request Attributes in Adobe ColdFusion. You can access them in either engine though through the CGI scope, but they may be case sensitive (always upper case)

Request Scope

The following servlet request attribute will also be set, which are accessible in a case sensitive manner from both Adobe and Lucee Server request scopes:

• javax.servlet.request.cipher_suite - The cipher suite of the SSL connection such as TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

• javax.servlet.request.key_size - The key size of the negotiated SSL connection

• javax.servlet.request.ssl_session_id - Unique ID of the SSL connection

• javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate - An array of java.security.cert.X509Certificate instances representing the certificate chain. These cert objects contain the same data as the PEM-encoded headers.

• javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate.issuerDNMap - A struct containing all the parts of the Issuer distinguished name. So for (CN=foo, O=bar) there would be a key for CN and O in the struct with respective values of foo, and bar. USE THIS instead of regex on the full Issuer DN because this map is generated by following the exact RFC for LDAP names.

• javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate.subjectDNMap - A struct containing all the parts of the Subject distinguished name. So for (CN=foo, O=bar) there would be a key for CN and O in the struct with respective values of foo, and bar. USE THIS instead of regex on the full Subject DN because this map is generated by following the exact RFC for LDAP names.

Access these request vars like so in CFML

myCertArray = request['javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate'];
SubjectRDNs = request['javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate.subjectDNMap'];

Note using quoted string inside of bracket notation is required not only due to the periods in the variable name, but also to preserve the case-sensitivity of them.

Upstream SSL headers

All of the CGI and request vars above can also be present even if CommandBox’s built in client cert negotiation is not enabled if you have PEM-encode headers being sent from your upstream web server. However, you must explicitly tell CommandBox to trust these headers. Only do this if you trust the upstream proxy to always set trusted values into these headers. Enable this by setting the web.security.clientCert.trustUpstreamHeaders key by setting it to true. Them CommandBox will look for the SSL_CLIENT_CERT, SSL_CIPHER, and SSL_SESSION_ID HTTP request headers and associate those certs with the request just as though CommandBox had negotiated them itself.

{
  "web" : {
    "security" : {
      "clientCert" : {
        "trustUpstreamHeaders" : true
      }
    }
  }
}

CommandBox allows you to create web aliases for the web server that are similar to virtual directories. The alias path is relative to the folder the server.json lives in, but can point to any folder on the hard drive. Aliases can be used for static or CFM files.

To configure aliases for your server, create an object under web called aliases. The keys are the web-accessible virtual paths and the corresponding values are the relative or absolute path to the folder the alias points to.

Here's what your server.json might look like.

{
  "web" : {
    "aliases" : {
      "/foo" : "bar",
      "/js" : "C:\static\shared\javascript"
    }
  }
}

Here's how to create aliases from the server set command:

server set web.aliases./foo = bar
server set web.aliases./js = C:\static\shared\javascript

info On Adobe ColdFusion servers, .cfm files will be run automatically from inside an aliases directory. On Railo and Lucee servers, you'll need to create a CF mapping that maps the alias name and path for .cfm files to work.

There are endless combinations of predicates and handlers you can apply to your apps. Here's an assortment of examples to get you going. Many of these are contrived, but are just mean to show the range of syntax and functionality.

Rewrite a URL:

path('/healthcheck') -> rewrite('/healthcheck.cfm')

Stop processing rules for a given request:

path(/healthcheck) -> done
path(/healthcheck) -> response-code(503)  // This rule is skipped

For all GET requests, set a response header called type with a value of get

method(GET) -> set(attribute='%{o,type}', value=get)

If the incoming path ends with .css it will rewrite the request to .xcss and set a response header called rewritten to true.

regex('(.*).css') -> { rewrite('${1}.xcss'); set(attribute='%{o,rewritten}', value=true) } 

Redirect all jpg requests to the same file name but with the png extension. The ${1} exchange attribute is used to reference the first regex group.

regex('(.*).jpg$') -> redirect('${1}.png')

Set a request header for all requests that you can access in your CFML app just like a normal HTTP header.

set(attribute='%{i,someHeader}', value=someValue)

Set a Cache-Control response header only for default index pages(ie: index.html or index.cfm) in any folder.

regex('.*/index\..*') or path-suffix('/') -> set(attribute='%{o,Cache-Control}', value='no-cache')

Set a response header for a specific file.

path('/freshcontent.html') -> set(attribute='%{o,Cache-Control}', value='no-cache')

Match certain SES-style URLs and store the place holders (referenced as exchange attributes) into HTTP request headers.

path-template('/product/{productid}') -> set(attribute='%{i,productid}', value='${productid}')

In this example, hitting the server with /restart skips the first rule, the second rule rewrites the request and then restarts back at the first rule which fires the second time through.

path(/foo/a/b) -> response-code(503)
path(/restart) -> { rewrite(/foo/a/b); restart; }

Block access to a URL unless coming from a specific IP.

path-prefix(/admin/) and not equals('%{REMOTE_IP}', 127.0.0.1) -> set-error( 404 )

For more control over IP address matches, use the ip-access-control() handler.

path-prefix(value="/admin/") -> ip-access-control[default-allow=false, acl={'127.0.0.* allow'}, failure-status=404]

Leading slash is NOT required. Both of these rules are the same:

path(box.json) -> set-error( 404 )
path(/box.json) -> set-error( 404 )

It is not required to include .*_ at the end of a regex path unless you’ve set full-match=true _

regex( "^/tests/" ) -> set-error( 404 ) 
regex( pattern='^/tests/.*", full-match=true ) -> set-error( 404 )

Perform a regex a case insensitive search like so:

regex(pattern="Googlebot", value="%{i,USER-AGENT}", case-sensitive=false ) -> set-error( 404 )

When attribute values are not quoted, all leading and trailing whitespace will be trimmed. The following are all the same:

path( "/foobar" )
path(/foobar)
path( /foobar )

But this example is different. The leading and trailing spaces will be preserved in the path string.

path( " /foobar " )

Basic MVC rewrite:

not regex( pattern='.*\.(bmp|gif|jpe?g|png|css|js|txt|xls|ico|swf|cfm|cfc|html|htm)$', case-sensitive=false ) -> rewrite('/index.cfm/%{RELATIVE_PATH}')

Add a CORs header to every request

set(attribute='%{o,Access-Control-Allow-Origin}', value='*')

Rewrite requests to a sub folder based on the domain

equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site1.com' ) -> rewrite( '/site1/%{REQUEST_URL}' )
equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site2.com' ) -> rewrite( '/site2/%{REQUEST_URL}' )
equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'site3.com' ) -> rewrite( '/site3/%{REQUEST_URL}' )

Custom SES URL rewrite that turns 6 digit product code into a query string. (If this rule goes in your server.json, you'll need \\ in front of the dollar sign to escape it twice. Once for the system setting expansion and once for the JSON file.)

regex( '^/product/([A-Z]{6})$' ) -> rewrite( '/product.cfm?productID=${1}' )

Reject requests using an unknown host header.

not equals( %{LOCAL_SERVER_NAME}, 'www.myDomain.com' ) -> set-error( 403 )

Create reverse proxy

path-prefix('/reports') -> reverse-proxy({'http://reports1.mydomain.com','http://reports2.mydomain.com'})

CommandBox's server rules are based directly on the "Predicate Language" feature of JBoss Undertow. All of the official documentation for Undertow's predicate language applies to CommandBox. CommandBox doesn't limit the power of what Undertow provides at all. In fact, we give you some additional out-of-the box predicates and handlers you can use.

There are three concepts you need to understand and you'll be writing your own rules in no time.

• Handler - A wrapper around the request that takes some sort of action such as returning a status code or rewriting the request.

• Predicate - A conditional that evaluates to true or false. Used to Conditionally apply a handler

• Exchange Attribute - An abstracted way to refer to any piece of information about the request or response. Can include URL, query string, cookies, headers, or CGI variables.

Since the parsing of your rules is handled by Undertow, it is case sensitive in many areas and CommandBox cannot control this. The following must always be lower case:

• Predicate names

• Handler names

• Parameter names

• Keywords like and, or, else

The full undertow docs can be found here: https://undertow.io/undertow-docs/undertow-docs-2.0.0/

Handler

A handler will take action on the request. This can redirect the request, rewrite it, abort it, or modify attributes of the request such as setting an HTTP header or status code. If the predicate is omitted, the handler will always fire for all requests. Ex:

disallowed-methods(trace)

Common handlers:

• set() - Sets an exchange attribute (see below)

• rewrite() - Rewrite the request URL

• redirect() - Redirect to another URL

• header() - Sets an HTTP response header

• set-error() - Set HTTP response code and returns the corresponding error page

• ip-access-control() - Configure IP-based allow/deny rules (wildcards and IP ranges allowed)

• done - Skips remaining rules

• request-limit() - Limits concurrent requests

• restart - Restarts process back at start of predicate rule chain (combine with rewrite, etc)

• reverse-proxy() - Creates a round robin reverse proxy to a list of URLs

• allowed-methods() / disallowed-methods() - Enforces whitelist/blacklist of HTTP methods on current request

• Full list here: https://undertow.io/undertow-docs/undertow-docs-2.0.0/#built-in-handlers-2

A handler is called using the “name” from the docs and passing any required parameters. Params can be named or positional (if there is only one). Quoting values is only required if they have a space, comma or brace. The following are all equivalent:

set-error(404)
set-error("404")
set-error(response-code=404)
set-error(response-code="404")

Handler parameters that accept an array use the Java array literal syntax which is a comma-delimited list of values in curly braces.

reverse-proxy( { 'http://host.com', 'http://host2.com' } )

More than one handler can be run by wrapping them in curly braces and using semicolons between them

path(/restart) -> { rewrite(/foo/a/b); restart; }

A chain of handlers can be configured for the true AND false evaluation of a single predicate using the “else” keyword.

regex('(.*).css') -> set(attribute='%{o,css}', value='true') else set(attribute='%{o,css}', value='false');

Predicates

A predicate is a condition that must be matched for the handler to kick in.

Common predicates:

• path() - match the incoming request path

• path-suffix() - match full file/folder names at the end of the path like file.cfm

• path-prefix() - match full file/folder names at the start of the path like /lucee/admin

• method() - Match the HTTP method

• regex() - Match a regular expression against any exchange attribute

• equals() / contains() - Do a text compare on any exchange attribute

• path-template() - match a path with placeholders like /foo/{bar} and the placeholders become variables for use in later predicates or handlers in the chain.

• Full list here: https://undertow.io/undertow-docs/undertow-docs-2.0.0/#textual-representation-of-predicates

A predicate is called by placing parentheses after the name and passing in the required arguments as specified in the docs for that predicate. Quoting values is only required if they have a space, comma or brace. The following are all equivalent:

method(GET)
method("GET")
method(value=GET)
method(value="GET")

Complex conditions can be constructed with more than one predicate using the keywords “and” or “or”.

path-prefix(/tests/) OR path-prefix(/workbench)

A predicate can be negated with the keyword “not”

not method(POST)

Exchange Attributes

Exchange attributes are an abstraction Undertow provides to reference any part of the HTTP request or response. There is a textual placeholder that can be used in predicates and handlers that will be expanded in-place.

Common Exchange Attributes:

• %{REMOTE_IP} - Remote IP address

• %{PROTOCOL} - Request protocol

• %{METHOD} - Request method

• %{REMOTE_USER} - Remote user that was authenticated

• %{RESPONSE_TIME} - Time taken to process the request, in ms

• %{c,cookie_name} - Any cookie value

• %{q,query_param_name} - Any query parameter

• %{i,request_header_name} - Any request header

• %{o,response_header_name} - Any response header

• ${anything-here} - Any value from the predicate context (such as regex capture groups or path-template placeholders)

• Full list here: https://undertow.io/undertow-docs/undertow-docs-2.0.0/#exchange-attributes-2

Use an exchange attribute like you would a variable as the parameter to a handler or predicate.

set(attribute='%{o,someHeader}', value=myValue)
not equals('%{REMOTE_IP}', 127.0.0.1) -> set-error(403)

These are all equivalent:

regex(pattern="/(MSIE 6\.0)", value="%{i,user-agent}" ) -> response-code( 404 )
regex(pattern="/(MSIE 6\.0)", value="%{i,USER-AGENT}" ) -> response-code( 404 )
regex(pattern="/(MSIE 6\.0)", value="%{i,UsEr-AgEnT}" ) -> response-code( 404 )

By Default, your servers start using the same version of Java that the CommandBox CLI is using. For people needing to run Adobe ColdFusion 9, or who just want to do some testing on different JREs, you can point each of your servers at a custom JRE and CommandBox will use it when starting the server.

if you already have a JRE downloaded somewhere on your hard drive, you can manually point the server at it, or you can simply tell CommandBox which version of java you'd like, at it will automatically download that version of OpenJDK for your server to use (if it's not already downloaded)

Manual Java Config

Point CommandBox to an existing java install like so:

server set jvm.javaHome="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_25"

To set the default version of Java for all the servers you start on your machine, use the global config setting defaults.

config set server.defaults.jvm.javaHome="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_25"

Automatic Java Download

To let CommandBox take over and acquire Java for you, pass an installation endpoint ID to the start command

server start javaVersion=openjdk8

or set it in your server.json

server set jvm.javaVersion=openjdk8

or set a default for all servers

config set server.defaults.jvm.javaVersion=openjdk8

To review what possible IDs you can use to dial in your exact Java version, read the docs on our Java endpoint. You don't need to manually install Java CommandBox will do that for you. You just need to provide a valid ID so CommandBox knows what you want.

In some cases you might not want to interact with the command line manually to setup an environment, in particular in production setups. If you prefer to setup your server via a server.json file, the same syntax for valid IDs applies to setting your JVM ID:

{
    "JVM":{
        "javaVersion":"openjdk11_jre_x64_linux_hotspot_jdk-11.0.13+8"
    }
}

Java Namespace

To make it easier for you to manage the Java installations CommandBox makes for you, we have a namespace of commands you can use. The Java versions CommandBox installs automatically for your servers to use are stored in a folder under your CommandBox home. CommandBox manages this folder for you. You can change where the system Java installation go like so:

config set server.javaInstallDirectory=C:/path/to/JREs/

java search

Search the AdoptOpenJDk API for available versions of Java for you to use.

java search version=openjdk8

You can filter the version, jvm, os, CPU arch, type, and release. Most of those parameters default to match your local system. For instance, running this command on Windows will only return Windows versions. To open up the search, pass nothing to that filter.

java search version=openjdk8 os=

java list

List the installed Java installations for you to start servers with. If you have set a global default Java version it will be marked in the list.

java list

java setDefault

You may change the global default Java version for your servers with this command.

server java setDefault openjdk11

The ID follows the format from the Java endpoint. If the version you set as the default isn't installed yet, CommandBox will install it for you the next time a server starts or you can use the --install flag.

java install

You can pre-install a Java version so it's ready to go the next time you start a server with this command. This differs from the normal package install command in that it doesn't install to the current working directory, but into the core server JRE folder that CommandBox manages for you. Use the --setDefault flag to also set the newly installed Java version as the global default for all servers.

server java install openjdk11 --setDefault

java uninstall

You can remove a java installation so it doesn't take up space on your hard drive. Use the FULL ID that shows in the java list command to uninstall.

server java uninstall openjdk9_jre_x64_windows_hotspot_jdk-9.0.4+11

Note, the download will still be in your artifacts cache. Also, if you start a server up again that asks for a Java installation you've uninstalled, CommandBox will simply re-install it again.

The default welcome files are the usual index.cfm, index.htm, index.html, etc but you can override this with the welcomeFiles setting in your server.json by providing a comma-delimited list of files that you would like CommandBox to look for when a user hits a directory on a running server.

server set web.welcomeFiles='go.cfm,main.cfm,index.html'

This setting is a complete override of the defaults, so you need to specify the full list.

Directory Browsing

By default, a CommandBox server will not show the contents of a directory that doesn't have an index file. You can enable directory browsing for a single server with

server set web.directoryBrowsing=true

And you can enable it for all servers by default with

config set server.defaults.web.directoryBrowsing=true

If you have custom jar files that you want to be available to a server, we recommend you use the this.javaSettings functionality in your Application.cfc to load those jars. If that isn't an option for you, or you want to include libs for a JDBC drivers then we offer a feature for you to specify a list of directories for which CommandBox will load jars from. This prevents you from worrying about getting your jars inside the WEB-INF/lib which starts fresh anytime you forget a server.

To load in your jar files, the first method is to use the libDirs parameter to the server start command.

And the way to specify this in a portable manner in your `server.json` is like so:

Remember, paths to the start command are relative to your current working directory and paths in your server.json file are relative to the folder that the server.json file lives in. Absolute paths work the same everywhere.

Global Custom Libs

Have a bunch of servers and they ALL need the same jars, you can add your `libDirs` to the global server defaults config settings. Your global lib directories won't be overwritten by server-level config dirs, but instead appended to. Relative paths in your config settings are relative to the respective web root of the server. CommandBox will also ignore missing lib dirs to give you some flexibility in this.

The built in REST implementation in Adobe ColdFusion and Lucee is usually something you either love or hate. If you love it, you can enable it and customize the paths so it doesn't collide with your app's routes. if you hate it, you can turn it off. The REST servlet will be disabled unless you include a setting like so:

Note that the above setting will take over any URLs starting with /rest or api and you cannot use those routes or folders in your code. This is why it's handy to be able to modify or remove these. On a typical server, this is done via the web.xml, but CommandBox will do it all for you with just the setting above.

CommandBox uses JBoss Undertow to power it's lightweight servlet containers. Undertow also powers JBoss Wildfly and has a lot of configurable options, not all of which have first-class CommandBox settings. These low-level settings come in two different categories:

• Undertow Options - Settings that apply to the servlet and web server aspects of Undertow

• XNIO Options - Part of the underlying XNIO library which powers all low-level I/O in undertow

Undertow Options

Undertow has its own set of options which can be found here:

To set an XNIO option that CommandBox doesn't already expose with a first-class setting, you can set them into your server.json like so:

You can also set global XNIO objects that will apply to all servers. Global options will be appended to server-level options.

XNIO Options

XNIO (which is a refined version of NIO (Non-blocking I/O) has its own set of options that apply to the low level network transport functions it provides. You can find the full set of XNIO options here:

To set an XNIO option that CommandBox doesn't already expose with a first-class setting, you can set them into your server.json like so:

You can also set global XNIO objects that will apply to all servers. Global options will be appended to server-level options.

The web server in CommandBox is capable of enabling GZIp compression to reduce the size of HTTP responses. To enable GZip compress on your CommandBox server, add a web.gzipEnable setting in your server.json file.

By default GZip compression will be applied to any file over 1500 KB in size. This is because 1500 KB or smaller can fit inside a single network packet, so there's no real benifit in zipping small files and it just causes CPU overhead.

If you wish to customize the file size or any other aspect of when GZip compression is applied, you can specify a custom that, when true, will trigger GZip for the request.

Since ANY valid Undertow predicate language can be used here you can combined predicates to control exactly when GZip compression is applied. This example would apply GZip compression to any CSS files over 500 KB that were not in the /admin folder.

You can customize the error page that CommandBox servers return. You can have a setting for each status code including a default error page to be used if no other setting applies.

Create an errorPages object inside the web object in your server.json where each key is the status code integer or the word default and the value is a relative (to the web root) path to be loaded for that status code.

This is what you server.json might look like:

You can set error pages via the server set command like this:

Accessing error variables

If your error page points to a CFM file, you can get access to the original path being accessed for 404s and the error that was thrown for 500s. To see all the request headers that are available, use the following snippet of code:

An example of getting the original missing path in a 404 in Lucee would look like this:

In Adobe ColdFusion, you can access ServletRequest Attributes directly via the CGI scope:

Here are some settings for performance tuning your servers

Max Requests

This setting limits how many requests will be passed through the Undertow listener to your app server. It defaults to 30. Please note that your web server connector and Adobe ColdFusion may also have their own max request setting.

Or as a global setting for all servers:

Every can be overridden by convention by creating environment variables in the shell where you run box. This is idea for CI builds were you want to easily set ports, or tweak settings for your build. You set set these as actual environment variables or .

The var must start with the text box_server_ and will be followed by the name of the setting.

For nested settings inside of a struct or array you can use underscores to represent dots.

The overrides are applied using the same mechanism that the config set command uses, which means you can also pass JSON directly for complex values.

On OS's like Windows which allow for any manner of special characters, you can provide any string which would also be valid for the config set command. Ex:

When you provide JSON, the append flag will be set to true when adding the configuration to what's already in CommandBox.

Overridden env vars will not be written to the server.json file and will be lost when box stops. They will also take precedence and override any explicit server.json settings already set but will NOT override actual parameters to the server start command.

For every server you start, there is a corresponding icon in your PC's system tray. In addition to the menu options you get out of the box, you can add in custom menu items. Menus are defined as nested arrays of structs, where each struct represents a single menu item. A menu item can be informational, have an action, or contain sub menus.

You can customize the tray menus for a server via 3 different methods:

• The trayOptions array in a specific server's server.json file. These menu additions will be specific to that server.

• The server.defaults.trayOptions config setting. These menu additions will be added to every server you start

• A custom CommandBox Module with an interceptor listening to the onServerStart interception point that modifies the serverInfo.trayOptions array.

Each menu item struct can have the following keys. Only label is required.

• label - This text appears on the menu and is the unique name

• action - This controls what the menu item does when clicked. Possible options are:

  • openfilesystem - Opens a folder on the file system. Requires path to be set as well.

  • openbrowser - Opens a URL in your default browser. Requires url to be set as well.

  • stopserver - Stops the current server

  • run - Runs an arbitrary native command synchronously. Requires command to be set as well.

  • runAsync - Runs an arbitrary native command asynchronously Requires command to be set as well.

  • runTerminal - Runs an arbitrary native command in a new Terminal window. Requires command to be set as well.

• path - The file system path to use for the openfilesystem action.

• url - The HTTP URL to use for the openbrowser action

• image - A custom image file to use for the icon. Relative paths in the server.json will be relative to the JSON file Relative paths in the global config will be relative to the web root of the server.

  • command - The native command to run for the run, runAsync, or runTerminal actions.

• workingDirectory - The working directory to use for the run, runAsync or runTerminal actions.

• shell - Override the native shell to use on your OS. Defaults to your nativeShell config setting.

• items - An array that contains a struct of sub menus.

• disabled - Boolean that greys out menu item and disables any action. Use for informational items.

openfilesystem Example

openbrowser Example

stopserver Example

run Example

Commands executed by the run action will display their output in a popup window. The PID of the process is available if running on Java 9 or later. Also, there is a button to kill the process, but your mileage may vary. Only use this option to run command line apps that have console output you want to see.

runAsync Example

Commands executed by the runAsync action work like the run action except there is no windows to show you the output. This is what you want to use to fire off an app such as an IDE.

runTerminal Example

Commands executed by the runTerminal action work like the run action except a new terminal window is opened to run the command. The terminal windows stays open and you can continue to interact with it when the command finishes.

You can customize how your command is run by setting the optional workingDirectory and shell properties. If not set, the working directory will be the web root of the server.

Sub Menus

You can nest menus by supplying another array of structs in the items property of a menu. A menu cannot have an action and have sub menus.

Override Existing Menus

Menu items are layered "on top" of existing options whichs mean you can add new sub menu items to an existing top level menu. You can even override the action or image of a built-in menu. Menu items are registered in this order:

• Built-in menus

• Config setting server defaults

• server.json trayOptions

• onServerStart interceptor

This example server.json will add a new sub menu into the existing "Open..." top level menu.

There is no way to remove existing menu items via your config settings or server.json. To do that, you'd need to directly manipulate the trayOptions array in an interceptor.

There are many ways to pass environment variables into a server. You can set them in your actual OS shell before starting box, set them as CommandBox env vars, use the commandbox-dotenv module to read them from a .env file or many Docker-based options. Just in case you wanted one MORE way to do it, you can also set env vars directly in your server.json file.

These env vars will not be visible in the CommandBox shell like a .env file is, but will be used exclusively when starting the server. They will be visible inside the running server and also present in CommandBox to any interception points or CFConfig while the server is starting.

Note the two CFConfig examples above do the same thing (assuming you have commandbox-cfconfig installed. Any nested keys will be concatenated with underscores when the actual env var is set. Therefore the cfconfig key and nested requestTimeout key will create an env var actually called cfconfig_requestTimeout when the server starts. This is simply a convenience to help you group together related env vars with a matching prefix.

You can see that the web.http.port is using an env var from the env block above it. All env vars in the env block will be added to CommandBox's environment BEFORE the rest of the JSON file is expanded. Env vars in the env block can ALSO reference other pre-existing env vars. In the example above, ${brad} is assuming there is a pre-existing env var of that name set outside this file.

Just for kicks

In case anyone is wondering, it's actually possible to override your server.json settings from inside the env block like so:

but we can't imagine why you'd ever want to do that :) That would be the equivalent of setting the following env vars outside of CommandBox:

When you start a CF server in CommandBox, the default behavior is that the WAR for that version is expanded into a folder inside the server directory inside your CommandBox home. There is a sub folder containing an MD5 hash of the server name and web root concatenated with the server name. Inside of that, is a folder containing the name of the CF Engine followed by the engine version. The result is something like this:

When you start a new version of the CF engine, the old folder is left in place, and a new one is created containing the new WAR. e.g.

This allows you to easily revert back to the previous version as CommandBox automatically handles the server homes for you. Running server forget will remove the entire top level folder containing all the engine versions.

Configuration management on upgrade

When you start a new server version to replace a previous version, you will get a new server home which also means all settings and manual changes to the old server home will not exist in the new one. if you have commandbox-cfconfig installed, it will automatically copy over all CF config settings that it can handle into the new server home. Any other custom changes you've made such as license files, logs, jars or web.xml modifications will not be brought over.

Custom Server Home Directory

You can move the server home to a custom folder of your choice with the following setting:

Note, the relative path is relative to the folder that the server.json lives in. This can give you a predictable server home, but comes with a few caveats:

• CommandBox will NOT auto-upgrade new versions of the CF engine

• If you ask for a new version of the engine, CommandBox will ignore it

• You must server forget and remove the server home before you can start a new server in your custom server home.

Single Server Home

There is an option that will give you a mix of a custom server home and the default behavior where the server home is automatically placed inside the CommandBox home. This is the app.singleServerHome setting. It defaults to false.

This will create a folder similar to the default behavior above, but WITHOUT the version number appended to the folder name. An example server home would be:

This has the convenience of auto-managing the server home for you, but still come with all the caveats listed above for a custom server home such as requiring you to server forget to upgrade or change versions via CommandBox.

Single Server Mode

This setting is a CLI-wide config setting that forces CommandBox to only have a single server. This setting was created to simplify our Ortus Docker Images and you likely DON'T want to use this outside of a scenario such as a Docker image where only one server exists. When this is enabled, the first server that is started will be remembered as the only serer that exists. No matter what directory you run start and stop commands from and no matter what name you pass, CommandBox will always perform that action against the single server it has. You can server forget and start another server elsewhere, but there can only be one server at a time. This setting was added to help prevent duplicate servers from getting created in different folders during Docker builds which mixed up the settings.

The following JVM Args are supported when starting the embedded server.

heapSize

You can set the max heap size the server is allowed to have (-Xmx) by passing the heapSize parameter to the start command. This parameter defaults to megabytes but you can specify any valid suffix.

In server.json

minHeapSize

You can set the starting heap size for the server (-Xms) by passing the minHeapSize parameter to the start command. This parameter defaults to megabytes but you can specify any valid suffix.

In server.json

Ad Hoc JVM Args

You can specify ad-hoc JVM args for the server with the JVMArgs parameter.

In server.json

JVM args can also be set an array of strings which prevents you from needing to escape or quote anything.

Or via the CLI like so:

Ad Hoc Runwar Options

You can specify ad-hoc options for the underlying Runwar library using the RunwarArgs parameter.

In server.json

Runwar args can also be set an array of strings which prevents you from needing to escape or quote anything.

Or via the CLI like so:

You've always been able to add ad-hoc Java system properties for a server in your server.json via jvm.args in the format of -Dfoo=bar. There is also a top-level struct that is more readable which does the same thing:

No additional quoting or escaping is needed for spaces or special characters when using this method.

Set these programmatically like so:

Or set them globally for all servers in your config setting server defaults.

Keys will be merged, giving precedence to the server.json values.

There are a few experimental features in Runwar that are available for your servers.

Resource Manager Logging

CommandBox uses a custom resource manager in Undertow to resolve "real" paths (relative) in the servlet context with the path on the file system (absolute). This includes log concerning where the root of the WAR is, where the CF engine web root is, and any web aliases. If you enable a --debug or --trace server start, it is possible to get additional low-level information in the logs about every single file path that is resolved through the servlet context's resource manager. This logging is disabled by default since it is quite verbose.

Or in the server.json as:

Case Sensitivity of Web Server

By default, the web server in CommandBox will follow the case sensitivity of the underlying file system. So, when on Windows /FiLe.TxT will still load an actual file called /file.txt. But on Linux, the case in the browser would need to match that of the file system. CommandBox allows you to force case sensitivity to be ON or OFF for a server, overriding the server's file system.

Note, this controls all access of static file, such as images, js, css, txt, etc as well as the initial lookup of .cfm files. It will also affect all internal usage of ServletContext.getRealPath( "/myPath.txt" ). It will NOT affect CFML file operations such as <CFFile>, <CFDirectory>, fileRead(), directoryList(), etc. It will also not affect core CF engine functionality such as creating CFCs or cfincluding CFM templates. Any code directly accessing the file system will use the file systems case sensitivity. And creating CFC instance is never case sensitive in CFML.

Forcing Case sensitivity

To force CommandBox's web server to be case sensitive, even on operating systems like Windows, use the following setting. There is a nominal performance benifit in doing this and can allow a Windows CommandBox server to mimic a Linux server for testing.

Forcing Case Insensitivity

To force CommandBox's web server to be case insensitive, even on operating systems like Linux, use the following setting. There is a nominal performance overhead in doing this and can allow a Linux CommandBox server to mimic a Windows IIS server. In this mode, CommandBox will use an internal cache of file system lookups to improve performance. If there are two files of the same name using different case, then you will get whatever file is found first.

Cache Servlet Paths

You can activate a cache for all file path resolution in the resource manager by activating this setting. This is only for production and will eliminate repeated file system hits by your CF engine, such as checking for an Application.cfc file on every request, or testing where the servlet context root is. This will NOT affect any of the CFML fileRead() sort of commands or any code in the CF engine that bypasses the ServletContext and directly hits the file system. The default is false.

Standard Adobe ColdFusion installations have a similar cache of "real" paths from the servlet context that is tied to a setting in the administrator called "Cache Webserver paths" but that setting is not available and does not work on CommandBox servers for some reason..

Custom Log Pattern

The Java logging library Log4j is used for servers' log files and console logs. The default logging pattern is:

You can customize this with any valid Log4j pattern layout, which you can find here:

This would put the date/time into every log message:

This would log ONLY the message with no severity or category:

Note, the color coding of log lines in CommandBox is dependent upon the default Log4j pattern layout.

Disable Resource Manager Change Listener

There is an XNIO file system watcher started for the web root and any virtual directories in your server. This change listener serves two purposes:

• Cache invalidation for the servlet path lookup matching

• Cache invalidation for welcome file lookups

In normal operations you should have no issues with this, but it has been observed starting a server in a web root with a very large number of files (like over 200,000) can consume a lot of resources, and even cause out of memory errors. The change listener in Undertow can be disabled with this setting:

When you start an Adobe or Lucee CF Engine, the WAR CommandBox uses has a stock web.xml baked into it. Sometimes you may want to add custom servlets, servlet mappings, etc into your server. You can override the stock web.xml in part or in total with a file of your own which you specify in the server.json like so:

The path can be absolute or relative to the server.json file. CommandBox will still load the default web.xml from the CF engine, and then it will load your override file on top of the previous settings. This means additional items in your override will be merged into the existing settings, and servlets with the same name as existing default servlets will be completely overridden and replaced.

Here is a list of all the top level items CommandBox will look for in your web.xml file:

• Servlets

• Servlet mappings

• Servlet filters

• Server filter mappings

• Listeners

• Context params

• welcome files (only if not in server.json)

• error pages (only if not in server.json)

• mime types

• session config

So if you wanted to replace the default servlet mapping for a Lucee server to also process .html files, you could use an override file like this:

Remove Defaults

The default behavior is to add or update existing configurations. If you want to remove a servlet or listener from the base file, you can enable the app.webXMLOverrideForce flag.

This will completely remove any configuration from the web.xml that is explicitly provided in your override file. For example, if the default web.xml specifies two servlet filters and you provide an override web.xml with one servlet filter and the force flag is true, both of the default servlet filters will be removed in favor of your one servlet filter from your override file.

If you need something more complex than this-- e.g. simply removing default settings without replacing them, you'll need to create a custom CF engine with a default web.xml of your own design.

CommandBox is designed to allow you to start, stop, and manage as many servers as you like. However, when using CommandBox in an environment such as Docker containers where you only ever want to have a single server, this can cause issues where warming up the server with different names creates more than one server. You can enable Single Server Mode which will only allow CommandBox to have a single server that shows when you run the server list command.

This is a global setting that takes immediate effect. If you already have more than one server defined, it will not remove the extra ones, it will simply re-use the first server it finds. In this mode, the server name becomes essentially meaningless. Each of these commands would use the same default server

server.json allows you to package up an app that requires special start settings such as rewrites, JVM args, or heap size, and anyone can run it with the same settings you do by simply typing server start. Make sure to not deploy the server.json file to your production server where it may be web-accessible.

Storing server.json outside the web root

To help with this, you can store your server.json file outside of the web root and use the web.webroot property in it to point to the location of the web root. This can be an absolute path or a relative path to the location of the JSON file.

When you start the server, you can run the start command from the same directory that the server.json file lives, or specifiy the path to the JSON file like so:

Determining the web root

If there is no web root in your server.json, CommandBox will use the folder that the JSON file is stored in. If there is no JSON file at all, the current working directory is used.

Every time you start a server, the settings used to start it are saved in a server.json file in the web root. Any parameters that aren't supplied to the start command are read from this file (if it exists) and used as defaults. Here are the possible properties for a server.json file:

/server.json